Futhorc Runic Bi-Directional Converter

The term "runes" refers to the writing systems used across North and Western Europe from the 1st millennium onward. Before the widespread adoption of the Latin alphabet, early forms of English relied on their own distinct runic script: Futhorc. Futhorc wasn't just a simple alphabet; it was a more precise fit for the sounds of Old English. It contained symbols that accurately transliterated phonetic elements that the 26-letter Latin alphabet lacks. For example, it featured a unique letter for the "th" sound, called Thorn (Þ and þ). There is also a dedicated symbol, the Eðel rune (ᛟ), for the long "o" sound (as in oar), distinct from the short "o" sound represented by the Ōs rune (ᚩ).

Try out the Futhorc Bi-Directional Converter to convert modern English letters to Futhorc runes and back! Special character inputs are available for the letters and combinations that don't have direct counterparts in the standard modern English alphabet.

Futhorc Bi-Directional Converter

Direction: Latin (English) → Futhorc Futhorc → Latin (English)

Enter Latin (English) Text:

Output (Click to Copy):

Special Input Key (Latin → Futhorc):

Input	Rune/Ligature	Name/Sound
**EASTER EGG:** BLUETOOTH (all casings) → **ᛒᚼ** (Bindrune B+H)
ST|, St| and st|	ᛥ	Stān (ST Ligature)
W| and w|	ᚹ	Wēn (Original W Rune)
W and w	Ƿ / ƿ	Wynn (Latin W)
TH\, th\ and Th\	ᚦ	Thorn (Runic)
TH|, th| and Th|	Ð / ð	Eth (Voiced Latin)
TH, th and Th	Þ / þ	Thorn (Modern Latin)
A| and a|	ᚫ	Æsc (Long A/Ash)
O| and o|	ᛟ	Eðel (Long O)
QU, qu and Qu	ᛣ	Cweorþ (KW sound)
SS and ss	ᛊ	Sigel (Alternative S)
V and v maps to ᚢ (Ur), the same as U and u.

Unlisted single letters (A, F, E, I, etc.) map to their single runic equivalents (ᚪ, ᚠ, ᛖ, ᛁ, etc.).

For information other ciphers and topics:

• Pager Code Look Alike Cipher Tool: This is the full 26-letter system that uses visual tricks with numbers for every letter from the 1990's before texting. This cipher will translate messages into this OG secret messaging. [Try out this cipher tool on your own messages.]

• Beeper Codes: Need a super-fast message? These are simple, standardized three-digit messages used as quick status updates (e.g., 143 for "I love you"). [View the Beeper Code Dictionary] 

• The Spartan Secret: Encrypt Messages with the Scytale Cipher: Use one of the earliest codes to be employed in the World! [Scytale Cipher Tool]

The Luddites Among Us!

Back in the late 1700's and early 1800's in England, there was this legend of a man named Ned Ludd. He became the folk hero of workers who were smashing textile machines because those machines supposedly threatened their jobs due to automation. These workers called themselves Luddites and saw their actions as a fight for survival, not just being grumpy about technology.

Being so far removed from those events now, the term Luddite still persists. However, its meaning morphed into a somewhat pejorative term that identifies someone who is opposed to new technology or ways of working.^[1]

The word Luddite has been used to coin more terms, such as luddism, neo-luddite, neo-luddism and luddic (as in the gaming faction called Luddic Church). But, this is an interesting word that deserves a full backform, complete with adjectives, adverbs, verbs and more nouns! These will serve a new purpose in an era when AI is changing the world in a manner that is faster than many are ready. Sure, we have the term technophobia, but that's more about fear of technology rather than being opposed to it.  

As the Information Age ramps up with the new AI Boom, let's use these new terms to describe how we interact with technology (assuming we narrow the definition of Luddite to mean someone that is identified as a ludd). This list isn't in alphabetic order to encourage amused perusal.

• ludd (noun) – a person, action or mindset that resists change resulting from technological progress. Backformation of Luddite. 
• Example: "The office was full of ludds who avoided the new software."
• ludd (verb) – to resist or sabotage change resulting from technological progress. Backformation of Luddite. 
• Example: "He ludds every software update."
• luddish (adj.; informal) – having qualities that are reminiscent of ludd, such as being passively resistant to change that results from progress of technology. Similar to word-forms such as reddish and childish. 
• Example: "He gave a luddish groan when I suggested using AI for his project."
• luddical (adj.; formal) – Exhibiting the characteristics of a ludd, such as actively resisting changes from technological progress. Resembles fanatical and heretical. 
• Example: "The committee’s luddical stance slowed adoption of new tools."
• luddicity (noun) – the quality of being ludd. Similar to word-forms such as electricity and historicity. 
• Example: "Their luddicity is slowing down our adoption of AI."

• luddbomb (verb) – to take away one's phone or other device, typically as a form of punishment.
• Example: "I can't text you later because my parents luddbombed me for being out past curfew last night."
• deludd (verb) – to remove resistance to use of technology or technological progress. Resembles demote and defund. 
• Example: "We'll have to deludd our processes to allow for the use of AI in tasks.

• luddophobic (noun) – one who is irrationally fearful of ludds, Luddites or of being a ludd. Similar to word-forms such as hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia and aibohphobia. 

• Example: "He was accused of being luddophobic."
• luddly (adv.) – In a manner that is characteristic of ludd; acting with resistance to changes resulting from technological progress. Resembles actively and warmly. 
• Example: "She luddly ignored the update, preferring her old methods."
• ludditely (adv.) – In a Luddite manner. Similar to word-forms such as heretically and ironically.
• Example: "They ludditely jumped to conclusions about effectiveness of AI."

• luddful (adj.) – Full of or characterized by luddical behavior or characteristics; actively inclined to oppose technological progress. Resembles prideful and masterful.
• Example: "The luddful staffers are trying to rebel against our most recent process improvements."
• inludd (verb) – to actively insert or introduce luddical resistance into a system, situation or process. Similar to word-forms such as inculcate and infuse.
• Example: "They inludded the workflow by banning cloud-based tools."

• luddify (verb) – to make something old-fashioned or resistant to technological progress. Resembling nullify and electrify.
• Example: "My parents are trying to luddify our home after the recent wifi controversy." 
• emludd (verb) – to immerse a system, environment or group with luddical behavior or characteristics. Similar to word-forms such as empower and embody.
• Example: "The manager emludded the office by banning digital tools."
• imludd (verb) – to become luddical or adopt luddicity. Resembles imbue and immolate.
• Example: "She will imludd her use of new apps on her phone."
• antiludd (noun) – a person, action or attitude that promotes or supports technological progress; opposes luddical behaviors or characteristics. Similar to word-forms such as antithesis and antifreeze. 
• Example: "I will become the office's antiludd in order to force the use of new technology for much needed process improvement."

• antiludd (verb) – to act in a way that counters luddical behaviors or characteristics; to promote modernization or technological adoption. Resembles antihack and antagonize. 
• Example: "Have we been antiludding the office on pace with corporate requirements?"

• ludd out (verb) – aggressively removing particular forms of technology from one's life or environment. Similar to word phrases such as deck out and all out.
• Example, "He ludded out his home to avoid the government from reading his mind while he sleeps."
• luddment (noun) – an instance, example or individual that embodies luddical behaviors or characteristics. Remembles achievement and settlement. 
• Example: "The luddment within the department was a clear obstacle to adopting new tools."
• luddology (noun) – the study or application of outdated or old-fashioned processes and technologies, often ironically or nostalgically. Similar word-form to technology and anthology.
• Example: "The luddology used by the artist allows her to recreate the style of photographs from the late 1800's.
• luddfart (noun) – A brief moment where one forgets how to use certain technology before remembering again. Resembles brainfart and codefart.
• Example: "I got a luddfart trying to use this app."

Extraordinary isn't extra ordinary!

The word "extraordinary" is a fascinating example of how language can evolve, leading to curious terms that might seem illogical at first glance. When we break down "extraordinary" into its components, "extra" and "ordinary," it appears to suggest something that is extremely ordinary. However, the intended meaning of "extraordinary" is actually quite the opposite. It describes something exceptional or remarkable.^[1]  

As its own word, “extra” is an intensifier meaning “to a greater extent” or “especially”. But, as a prefix, “extra-“ means “beyond” or “outside”.  

This linguistic oddity raises an interesting question: Why do we say "extra" and "ordinary" together to convey the idea of something exceptional, instead of simply using the word "exceptional" itself?

One possible explanation lies in the evolution of language. English, like many languages, has absorbed and adapted words and phrases from various sources over time. The term "extraordinary" dates back to the 15th century, derived from Latin roots meaning "beyond" (extra) and "ordinary" (ordinarius). In this context, "ordinary" refers to the usual or expected state of affairs.^[2]

At the time of its origin, the term "extraordinary" likely served to emphasize the exceptional nature of something, emphasizing its deviation from the norm. Over time, as language evolved, the compound word "extraordinary" became firmly established in the English lexicon, retaining its original meaning despite its seemingly contradictory structure.

The continued use of "extraordinary" to mean exceptional may also be attributed to the richness and nuance of language. Words often carry connotations and shades of meaning that extend beyond their literal definitions. In this case, the juxtaposition of "extra" and "ordinary" in "extraordinary" may evoke a sense of something both beyond and outside the ordinary, emphasizing its exceptional nature in a way that "exceptional" alone might not.

Beyond Extraordinary

While "extraordinary" and "exceptional" are strong choices, our vocabulary offers a wealth of alternatives to describe the extraordinary:

Remarkable: This word emphasizes how something is worthy of notice and comment.

Stupendous: This choice conveys a sense of astonishment and wonder.

Phenomenal: This term implies something extraordinary and almost unbelievable.

Prodigious: This word suggests exceptional skill, talent, or achievement.

Astounding: This emphasizes how something leaves you speechless and amazed.

The best choice depends on the specific context and the nuance you want to convey. So, next time you encounter something that transcends the ordinary, reach for the word that best captures its remarkable nature!

Pronunciation

Although "extraordinary" is a common word, it is still often mispronounced. It is not pronounced as "extra" and "ordinary", as that implies something that is very ordinary, as noted previously.  Instead, the "a" is silent.  Weirdly, you also need to break up the "k" and "s" sounds from "x" between two syllables, as in ik·stror·duh·neh·ree, or /ɪkˈstrɔːr.dən.er.i/ in international terms, with some minor localized variations.^[3] In particular, the "stror" or "strɔ" syllable might be difficult for nonnative English speakers, with its two separate "r" sounds.

Usage

According to Google Ngram, it appears that usage of "extraordinary" has been in a steady decline in written works over the past 200 hundred years.^[4]  I cannot find any information as to why.  My guess is that we are living in a world that requires increasing precision. "Extraordinary" maybe used in a manner that is not conducive to express such precision. There are plenty of other words which can be used interchangeably.  In a gradient system (such as couple-several-few), could one really say that "remarkable" or "exceptional" are on high or lower tiers from "extraordinary" or each other?  (There have been attempts at order, for example.)

However, I was able to dig up one op-ed that actually claims the word "extraordinary" is in a state of overuse. I find that opinion to be extraordinary.

The Case for Words with Diaeresis

Double-Dotting Your ï's and ü's 

Some vowels in English include tiny dots above them. These are diaeresis marks. Think of the words "naïve" or "Noël". While these dotted vowels might seem like a typographical relic, they hold a unique position in English. The diaeresis is the only true diacritical mark used in the language. Diacritical marks are those little additions to letters that alter pronunciation or meaning, like the accent marks in French or the cedilla in "ça."

Diaeresis Disappearance in English

In the past, words with diaeresis were more common. However, their use in English has declined for a few reasons. One factor is simplification. As English spelling evolved, some words adopted alternative spellings without diaeresis. For example, "coöperate" became "cooperate".

Another reason is the influence of American English. American dictionaries generally favor spellings that omit the diaeresis, and this preference has filtered into broader usage.

However, words with diaeresis haven't completely disappeared from English. They are still used in some proper names, like Zoë (pronounced "zo-ee"), and certain loanwords, like naïve or aïoli (a type of sauce). Additionally, some writers and publications choose to use them for added clarity, especially when the pronunciation might be ambiguous.

A Brighter Future for Diaeresis?

The Information Age has made including diaeresis in writing significantly easier than ever before. Gone are the days of struggling with physical limitations of a typewriter.  Modern wordprocessors apps and smartphones offer easy insertion of these characters.

This newfound ease of use could potentially lead to a resurgence of words with diaeresis, particularly in situations where pronunciation clarity is important.

How to Use Diaeresis on Your Devices

Including diaeresis in your digital communication is a breeze! Here's how:

• PCs:

  • Microsoft Word: The most common way to add diaeresis in MS Word is by using a keyboard shortcut:

    1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the vowel with a diaeresis.
    2. Hold down the Ctrl + Shift keys simultaneously.
    3. While holding those keys down, press the colon ":" key.
    4. Release all three keys (Ctrl, Shift, and colon).
    5. Then, type the desired vowel (e.g., "a" for ä).

  The vowel with the diaeresis will appear in your document. This method works for all vowels that can have a diaeresis (a, e, i, o, and u).

  • WordPerfect: In WordPerfect, you can add diaeresis using a two-step process involving the "Symbols" dialog:

    1. Activate the Symbols function: Press Ctrl + W. This activates the "Symbols" dialog, which allows you to create special characters using key combinations.

    2. Insert the vowel with diaeresis: When Symbols dialog pops up, press the desired vowel key, then add the double quote ("), and press ENTER.

  The vowel with the diaeresis will appear in your document.  This method works for all vowels that can have a diaeresis (a, e, i, o, and u).

• Wordprocessor alternative: You can also just include several replacement words in your Wordprocessor apps, so when you type without the diaeresis, the spelling correction will automatically correct it to use the diaeresis. (Basic instructions on how to use Autocorrect in MS Word; and QuickCorrect in WordPerfect.)

• Smartphones and Tablets: The process is even simpler on mobile devices. When the keyboard is shown, simply press and hold on the desired vowel key. A pop-up menu will appear with diacritical options, including the vowel with diaeresis.  Select the vowel with the diaeresis mark, and it is inserted into your text.

Applications on MACs also have methods with a number of keystrokes too.

By familiarizing yourself with these methods, you can incorporate diaeresis vowels seamlessly into your digital communication, adding a touch of precision and clarity to your writing.

Ideas

Have fun using them!  Some words you may consider their inclusion are coöperate, coördinate, coördinator, coördination, fluënt, priörity, reënter, reïnvigorate, reënactment, reëmburse, reëlect, coöccur, reëquip, naïf, reëntry.  There's many more too!